The Tallinn Manual

 

The Tallinn Manual 2.0 is a comprehensive guidebook that provides legal guidance for states and other actors regarding how international law applies to cyber operations. It is an updated version of the original Tallinn Manual, which was published in 2013.

The manual is named after the Estonian capital, Tallinn, where the first version was created under the auspices of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defense Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE). The manual is not a binding legal document but provides authoritative guidance on how existing international law applies to cyber activities.

The Tallinn Manual 2.0 addresses a wide range of issues related to cyber operations, including the legal frameworks surrounding cyber warfare, the rules of engagement for cyber operations, the legal implications of cyber espionage, the responsibilities of states to prevent cyber-attacks, and the legal implications of state-sponsored cyber-attacks.

The Tallinn Manual 2.0 is divided into four major parts:

1. Part I: Introduction: This section provides an overview of the manual and the context in which it was developed. It outlines the structure of the manual and discusses the sources of law that are relevant to cyber operations.
2. Part II: International Law Applied to Cyber Operations: This section covers the application of international law to cyber operations. It addresses issues such as sovereignty, the law of armed conflict, human rights law, and state responsibility. It also discusses the principles of necessity and proportionality in the use of force in cyberspace.
3. Part III: Key Issues in the Law of Cyber Operations: This section covers a range of issues related to cyber operations, including cyber espionage, cybercrime, cyber terrorism, and the use of non-state actors in cyber operations. It also discusses the role of attribution in cyber operations and the legal implications of cyber weapons.
4. Part IV: Conclusions: This section summarizes the key findings of the manual and provides recommendations for policymakers, military planners, and legal advisors. It also discusses the need for further research and development of international law in the context of cyber operations.

Overall, the Tallinn Manual 2.0 provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the application of international law to cyber operations. It is an important resource for policymakers, legal advisors, and others involved in cybersecurity and international relations.